Prevention of face pressure injuries associated with non-invasive ventilation: scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: Pressure injuries (LPP) associated with non-invasive ventilation have negative consequences for the user and the health system, being considered a public health problem. The application of preventive measures, recognition of risk factors and early identification of the development of LPP is the first step towards reducing its incidence. Objective: To map prevention strategies of NIV-associated facial injuries. Material and methods: Scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, with research in MEDLINE, CINAHL (via Ebsco) and Academic Search Complete. Two independent reviewers analyzed the study research, and subsequently extracted and synthesized data. Results: Of a total of 65 studies, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Three areas of intervention were identified in this context: application of physical barriers between the skin and the mask, stimulation of the skin's defense mechanisms, and the application of a protocol aimed at nursing interventions. Conclusions: The application of barriers, stimulation of the skin's defense mechanisms and the application of the protocol are effective in the prevention of pressure injuries, also having a preventative impact on pain and discomfort for the user and a reduction in health costs. However, further studies should be carried out in this area in order to standardize care practices.