Wear of temporomandibular joint total joint replacement (TMJ TJR) prostheses: A narrative review

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prostheses can be a stock or custom-made replacement of the related maxillomandibular structures such as condyle and fossa. In the last years, several materials and design have been assessed in an attempt to improve the mechanical performance of TMJ prostheses. This study aims to report literature data on the wear of temporomandibular joint prostheses and potential biological risks to the patients. Studies reported a significant deterioration of the sliding contact surfaces of TMJ prostheses. Material loss as a result of wear causes condyle/fossa mismatch and the modification of contact pressure and chewing forces loading. As a further consequence of wear, metal particles are released to the surrounding tissues with a high risk of local tissue toxicity and systemic toxicity through the bloodstream. The presence of particles induces the stimulation of inflammatory reactions depending on the concentration and size of debris.