Modelos Deliberativos Utilizados na Tomada de Decisão Ética dos Enfermeiros: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Nursing practice often faces complex ethical challenges, requiring robust methodologies to guide decision-making. Ethical deliberation is a structured and reflective process for resolving ethical issues/problems/dilemmas. Objectives: To identify the use of deliberative models in nurses' ethical decision-making. Material and Methods: Systematic literature review according to the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The research used the EBSCO platform and the databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, MedicLatina, MEDLINE Complete, PUBMED and SCOPUS, with the question ‘What deliberative models are used in nurses’ ethical decision-making?’ Studies addressing the use of deliberative models by nurses were included. After the initial screening of 315 articles, 12 were selected for analysis. Results: The review identified that deliberative models are widely applied in solving ethical problems/dilemmas in clinical practice, highlighting Diego Gracia's model. The application of these models improves the quality of ethical decisions, promoting patient-centred care and strengthening interprofessional communication. Benefits include: improved quality of care, promotion of nurses' ethical competence and a more collaborative working environment. Conclusions: Ethical deliberation is fundamental in nursing practice, providing a structured approach to tackling ethical problems/dilemmas. Investing in training and capacity building in ethical deliberation is crucial to promote ethical reflection of ethical and reflective clinical practice. Future studies should explore the practical implementation of these models and their long-term impact.